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The authors examine the effects on achievement of the largest federal program of financial aid to schools, Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. Title I was intended to improve the academic performance of children in low-income schools who have generally failed to attain achievement levels comparable to those in higher-income schools. The program was recently reauthorized as the No Child Left Behind Act. In this book the authors summarize the evolution of policy under Title I, review previous evaluations of its effects on achievement, and present new evidence based on national data on math and reading test scores to assess recent experience under the program. The authors conclude that Title I has failed to produce any significant increase in test scores or to narrow achievement gaps between the scores of low- and high-income students and schools.

Marvin H. Kosters is a resident scholar at AEI. He has written extensively on wage and income inequality, the effects of the minimum wage on employment, regulation, and other topics. Brent D. Mast is a research fellow at the Progress and Freedom Foundation and a former research associate at AEI.