Speaker biographies
Robert A. Armitage is the senior vice president and general counsel of Eli Lilly and Company. He joined the company as vice president and general patent counsel for Lilly Research Laboratories in October 1999. Before joining Lilly, Mr. Armitage was chief intellectual property counsel for the Upjohn Company from 1983 to 1993. He was a partner in the Washington, D.C., office of Vinson & Elkins LLP from 1993 to 1999. Mr. Armitage is a member of the steering committee of the Coalition for 21st Century Patent Reform. He is a member and past president of the American Intellectual Property Law Association (AIPLA) and the Association of Corporate Patent Counsel. He is also a past chair of the Patent Committee of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, the National Council of Intellectual Property Law Associations, the Intellectual Property Committee of the National Association of Manufacturers, the Fellows of the American Intellectual Property Law Association, and the Intellectual Property Law Section of the State Bar of Michigan.
Ashish Arora is a professor of economics and public Policy in the Heinz School of Public Policy and Management at Carnegie Mellon University. Mr. Arora’s research relates to the economics and management of technological change and innovation. He has also studied technology intensive industries, the role of patents and licensing in promoting technology startups, and the economics of information technology. Mr. Arora has published over seventy articles, coedited two books on the chemical and software industries, and coauthored a book on the nature and functioning of markets for technology. Mr. Arora is on the editorial board of six academic journals, and he has served on a number of committees and panels for bodies such as the National Academy of Sciences and the Association of Computing Machinery.
Claude Barfield is a resident scholar at AEI. His most recent books are Biotechnology and the Patent System: Balancing Innovation and Property Rights (with John E. Calfee), High-Tech Protectionism: The Irrationality of Anti-Dumping Laws and Free Trade, Sovereignty, Democracy: The Future of the World Trade Organization (all AEI Press). Earlier studies in the area of intellectual property include “Parallel Trade in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Implications for Innovation, Consumer Welfare and Health Policy” (with Mark Groombridge) and “The Economic Case for Copyright Owner Control over Parallel Imports” (with Mark Groombridge).
Andy Cadel is a Managing Director and Chief Intellectual Property Counsel at JPMorgan where he is responsible for patents and other intellectual property and technology law matters. Mr. Cadel has been active in the current patent reform efforts, including testifying before the Senate Judiciary Committee on the subject. Prior to joining JPMorgan, Mr. Cadel was a senior attorney at IBM where he was responsible for legal coverage for the financial services sector and the City of New York. Mr. Cadel earned his Juris Doctor at the University of Virginia School of Law and his bachelor of art degree from Columbia College.
John E. Calfee is a resident scholar at AEI, where he researches tort liability, advertising and information, FDA regulation, and the pharmaceutical market. He previously served at the Bureau of Economics at the Federal Trade Commission, where he worked on consumer protection matters with special attention to advertising, tobacco, marketing, and the regulation of information; the business schools of the University of Maryland, College Park, and Boston University; and the Brookings Institution. Mr. Calfee’s articles have appeared in Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Health Affairs, Annals of Internal Medicine, and other journals and publications. His books include Fear of Persuasion: A New Perspective on Advertising and Regulation (1997), Prices, Markets, and the Pharmaceutical Revolution (AEI Press, 2000), and Biotechnology and the Patent System: Balancing Innovation and Property Rights (with Claude Barfield; AEI Press, 2007). He has also testified before Congress and federal agencies on various topics, including alcohol advertising, biodefense vaccine research, international drug prices, and the Vioxx episode.
Mark Chandler has been senior vice president, general counsel, and secretary of Cisco Systems since 2001. Prior to that, he was Cisco’s Paris-based managing attorney for Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Mr. Chandler joined Cisco in July 1996 upon its acquisition of StrataCom, Inc., at which he had been general counsel. He served as vice president for corporate development and general counsel of Maxtor Corporation, a Fortune 500 manufacturer of computer data storage devices, from 1988 to 1994.
Christopher DeMuth is the president of AEI. Before coming to AEI in 1986, he was managing director of Lexecon, Inc., an economics consulting firm (1984–86); editor and publisher of Regulation magazine (1986–87); administrator for regulatory affairs at the Office of Management and Budget and executive director of the Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief in the Reagan administration (1981–84); lecturer at the Kennedy School of Government and director of the Harvard Faculty Project on Regulation (1977–81); and a lawyer in private practice (1973–77). Mr. DeMuth’s articles on government regulation and other subjects have appeared in The Public Interest, Harvard Law Review, the Yale Journal on Regulation, the Wall Street Journal, Commentary magazine, The American Enterprise, and elsewhere.
E. Anthony Figg is a partner of Rothwell, Figg, Ernst & Manbeck. He specializes in intellectual property law, primarily involving the chemical, pharmaceutical, healthcare and biotechnology industries. His practice focuses on patent litigation and interferences, patent procurement, intellectual property licensing, and related contract matters. Mr. Figg has served as lead counsel in several complex patent litigations in federal district courts, the International Trade Commission, and the Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences, as well as appeals before the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit and the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Mr. Figg is a past chair of the Section of Intellectual Property Law of the American Bar Association and currently chairs its Patent Law Reform Task Force.
Ted Frank is a resident fellow at AEI and director of the AEI Legal Center for the Public Interest. He manages the Institute’s research in products liability, medical malpractice, class actions, civil procedure, corporate regulation, antitrust and patent litigation, lifestyle litigation, and judicial selection. Before joining AEI, Mr. Frank was a litigator from 1995 to 2005. He has written for law reviews, the Wall Street Journal, the Washington Post, and National Review Online, and has appeared on NPR, the BBC, C-SPAN, and the Fox News Channel. Mr. Frank clerked for Judge Frank H. Easterbrook on the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals. He is a regular contributor to the liability reform blogs PointOfLaw.com and Overlawyered.
Richard Johnson is a senior partner at Arnold & Porter, LLP, specializing in legal, regulatory, and public policy issues related to biotechnology and life sciences, nanotechnology, and other emerging technology; international trade, intellectual property and regulatory matters related to research, entrepreneurship and innovation; and legal, regulatory and policy issues for research university and non-profit foundations. Mr. Johnson formerly served as general counsel for international trade at the U.S. Commerce Department, where he was responsible for both trade policy and international technology issues. Mr. Johnson is the vice chairman of the OECD/BIAC Technology and Innovation Committee, chairman of the biotechnology committee and cochair of the nanotechnology working group; and he is a member of MIT and Brown University’s Advisory Council on Biology and Medicine and of several advisory committees and task forces at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the National Academy of Sciences, and philanthropic foundations.
Bryan Lord is the vice president for finance and licensing and general counsel of AmberWave Systems. He is responsible for managing the company’s financial, general legal, and public policy matters, in addition to overseeing its venture capital fundraising and managing its in-licensing, out-licensing and litigation. Mr. Lord twice testified on patent reform issues in the United States House of Representatives and is one of the founding members of the Innovation Alliance, an organization representing high-tech companies supporting strong patent policies. Prior to joining AmberWave, Mr. Lord was a corporate attorney at Testa, Hurwitz & Thibeault, LLP, in Boston, where he represented venture capital funds, investment banks and public and private technology corporations.
Mark L. Rohrbaugh, Ph.D., J.D. has served since 2001 as the director of the Office of Technology Transfer (OTT) at the NIH. OTT manages the patenting and commercial licensing of a large portfolio of NIH and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) intramural inventions and contributes to intramural and extramural technology transfer policy for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). OTT also advises NIH on terms and conditions of funding agreements with respect to intellectual property, material transfer, and data rights. Dr. Rohrbaugh serves as vice chair of the Public Health Service Technology Transfer Policy Board and represents HHS on the National Science and Technology Council Technology Committee. He previously served as Director of the Office of Technology Development at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), responsible for the negotiation of technology transfer agreements with industry and academic institutions for the conduct of NIAID intramural basic and clinical research and extramural cooperative networks. Prior to joining the NIH, Dr. Rohrbaugh conducted molecular and cell biology research in academic and industrial laboratories.
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