Who should be first in line for kidney transplants—the relatively healthy or the severely ill? Should chronic troublemakers be allowed to remain in public housing? Should perpetually disruptive students stay in classes where they can prevent other children from learning? In their new book, Targeting in Social Programs: Avoiding Bad Bets, Removing Bad Apples, Peter Schuck and Richard Zeckhauser take on such vexing policy dilemmas.  The authors present a new framework for analyzing many of the difficult choices facing policymakers who wish to target society’s resources more effectively.