Under Title I--the major provision of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act--the federal government has provided more than $200 billion to schools with children from low-income familes. The goal of this program, reauthorized as the No Child Left Behind Act, is to raise the achievement of children in low-income schools to levels attained in schools with higher-income families. A new study in the AEI Evaluative Studies series, Closing the Education Achievement Gap: Is Title I Working? (AEI Press, June 2003) by Marvin H. Kosters and Brent Mast, presents new evidence that the gap in test scores has not been reduced and also suggests new directions for education policy.