In 2000 AEI scholar Allan H. Meltzer chaired a national commission--the Meltzer Commission--that issued a report highly critical of the practices and policies of the International Monetary Fund. The commission also made a series of recommendations for the reform of key IMF policies. In light of the continuing financial crises in the two most important South American economies, Brazil and Argentina, a group of experts will debate the lessons of the past several years, including the relevance and guidance of the Meltzer Commission report.