Joseph A. DiMasi is the director of economic analysis at the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, Tufts University. He was a member of the Department of Economics at the College of the Holy Cross. Mr. DiMasi is the author of numerous articles published in medical and economic research journals and he has served on the editorial boards of the Drug Information Journal and the Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Economics. Mr. DiMasi’s current research interests include the R&D costs of new drug development, pricing in the pharmaceutical industry, changes in the structure and performance of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, how firms have organized internally to accommodate the increasing need for pharmacoeconomic studies, and the role that pharmacoeconomic evaluations have played in the R&D process.

Henry G. Grabowski is professor of economics and director of the program in pharmaceuticals and health economics at Duke University. He served on the faculty of Yale University and held visiting appointments at the Health Care Financing Administration and the International Institute of Management (Germany). Mr. Grabowski is the author of numerous studies on the pharmaceutical industry, with his principal research involving the economics of the innovation process, business regulation, and industrial organization. He has testified before Congress on issues such as the Clinton Health Reform Act, generic competition and patent life in pharmaceuticals, and the government’s vaccine programs.

Hannah Kettler is the industrial economist at the Office of Health Economics in London and a visiting fellow at AEI. She specializes in the economics of the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries. Ms. Kettler’s publications include Narrowing the Gap between provision and need for medicines in developing countries; The Road to Sustainability in UK and German Biotechnology Industries (coauthored with Steve Casper of the Science Centre in Berlin); Updating the Cost of a New Chemical Entity; and Competition through Innovation, Innovation through Competition. She sits on a joint IFPMA/WHO working group that is focusing on the problem of developing new treatments for infectious diseases of the developing world and is also contributing to the ongoing work of the Commission for Global Health.

Erol Caglarcan retired last month from his position at Johnson & Johnson as global vice president of health economics and pricing. He joined Johnson & Johnson as a vice president in early 1994 to create a global health economics capability for the pharmaceutical sector. In 1996, Mr. Caglarcan initiated and developed the company’s first global pricing function. Before joining Johnson & Johnson, he was the head of health economics for Ciba-Geigy (Switzerland). Mr. Caglarcan was also an economist for Roche, Ares-Serono, and Pharmaceutical Manufacturers of America.

Frederic M. Scherer is Aetna Professor Emeritus at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and a visiting professor at Princeton University. He has also taught at the University of Michigan, Northwestern University, Swarthmore College, the Central European University, and the University of Bayreuth. From 1974 to 1976, Mr. Scherer was chief economist at the Federal Trade Commission. His research specialties are industrial economics and the economics of technological change, and he is currently researching the economics of musical composition between the years 1650 and 1900. Mr. Scherer is the author of several books, including Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance (third edition with David Ross), The Economics of Multi-Plant Operation: An International Comparisons Study (with three coauthors), International High-Technology Competition, Competition Policies for an Integrated World Economy, and Mergers, Sell-offs, and Economic Efficiency (with David J. Ravenscraft).

Bennett M. Shapiro is executive vice president of worldwide licensing and external research in the Merck Research Laboratories. He was chairman and professor in the department of biochemistry at the University of Washington and a visiting professor at Nagoya University (Japan) and the University of Nice (France). Dr. Shapiro has over 120 scientific publications in the areas of biochemistry and molecular cell biology. His most significant discoveries include the identification of several novel mechanisms of covalent protein modification and the discovery of the coordinated assembly of an extracellular matrix, by a sequence of noncovalent interactions stabilized by covalent cross-linking, as a well-regulated morphogenetic event.

Robert B. Helms is a resident scholar and the director of health policy studies at AEI. He has written and lectured extensively on health policy, health economics, and pharmaceutical economic issues. Mr. Helms currently participates in the Consensus Group, an informal task force that is developing market-oriented health reform concepts, and in the National Academy of Social Insurance’s study panel on long-term Medicare financing. From 1981 to 1989 he served as assistant secretary for planning and evaluation and deputy assistant secretary for health policy in the Department of Health and Human Services. Mr. Helms is the editor of several AEI publications on health policy: Medicare in the Twenty-first Century: Seeking Fair and Efficient Reform; American Health Policy: Critical Issues for Reform; Health Policy Reform: Competition and Controls; Health Care Policy and Politics: Lessons from Four Countries; and Competitive Strategies in the Pharmaceutical Industry.