-Associate commissioner for retirement policy, 2003-2006; deputy commissioner for policy, 2006-2007; principal deputy commissioner, 2007, Social Security Administration
-Associate director, National Economic Council, The White House, 2005
-Staff member, President’s Commission to Strengthen Social Security, 2001
-Social Security analyst, Cato Institute, 1999-2003
-Director of Research, Congressional Institute, 1998-1999