Rising foreign direct investment, U.S. manufacturing job losses, and cross-border outsourcing arrangements have focused attention on how U.S. tax rules influence decisions by multinational companies to create jobs in the United States and abroad. The recent presidential election campaign included proposals to alter significantly U.S. taxation of income earned by American companies abroad. Sensible tax policy responses require an understanding of the connection between the domestic and foreign operations of multinational companies. This conference presents new research on how investment abroad affects the U.S. economy and includes both historical perspectives and a bipartisan panel discussion of current policy options.